U.P. Naming Mahal without choir. UP College of Music.
In celebration of the 117th Foundation Day of the University of the Philippines, the University Archives through the assistance of the Strategic Communication, Research and Marketing Section, presents an online exhibit showcasing the historical development of the UP Campuses. This feature will present UP’s historical development through photos, tracing its journey from its inception as a single entity to its progression into becoming a system consisting of 8 constituent units and 1 autonomous unit, as well as emphasize the importance of UP as the National University.
- Introduction
- History of UP
- History of 8 Constituent Universities and 1 Autonomous College
- History of UP CUs… (continued)
Introduction
The University of the Philippines (UP) is recognized as the country’s premier University; it stands as the bastion of academic excellence and is renowned as the leading research university. It upholds a legacy of nurturing national artists, outstanding scientists, the nation’s leaders, eminent scholars, outstanding public servants, and professionals. Envisioned as a University for Filipinos, UP has consistently garnered top recognition through local and international university rankings. UP’s 117 years of extensive history firmly establish its value as a distinguished institution within the nation.
By virtue of the First Philippine Legislature Act of 1870, the University was created to “provide advanced instruction, literature, philosophy, the sciences, and the arts, and to give professional and technical training” to every qualified student, irrespective of “age, sex, nationality, religious belief, or political affiliation”. Through the years, UP has adapted to global knowledge production and strengthened its commitment to serve the Filipino people. Today, the University has evolved into a system with 8 constituent units and 1 autonomous unit strategically located nationwide – Diliman, Los Baños, Manila, Visayas, Open University, Mindanao, Baguio, Cebu, and Tacloban. Each campus is known for its specialized field, responsive to the needs of its respective region.
The exhibit presents UP’s historical development, tracing its path from its inception as a single entity to its progression into a system of independent and interdependent campuses. With the University’s diverse historical perspectives, the University Archives opted to feature the genesis of UP campuses as the foundation of its narrative, illustrated through photographic and documentary records. Amidst the pivotal events that have shaped its esteemed reputation, the University will always be cherished as UP Naming Mahal.
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History of UP
The establishment of the University of the Philippines (UP) originated from the University Bill authored by W. Morgan Shuster, who served as the Secretary of Instruction from 1906 to 1909. The proposal outlining his vision for a state university was included in his 1907 annual report submitted to the upper house of the Philippine Assembly. The proposed Philippine University would be integrated into the Philippine Medical School (which later became the UP College of Medicine and Surgery), as intended by its creators in 1905 through Act No. 1415.
The bill garnered significant support and was approved by an overwhelming vote on 26 May 1908, officially becoming Act No. 1870. It thereupon authorized the Governor-General l of the Philippines “to establish in the City of Manila, or at the point he may deem most convenient, a University which shall be known by the designation of ‘University of the Philippines’, the same being organized as a corporation under that name,” with an approval of Php100,000 for the purpose. Governor General William Cameron Forbes signed the act five days later on 18 June 1908, the founding date of UP.
Following the enactment, a search for a suitable location of the campus proceeded. A ten-hectare tract of land with a staggering cost of Php 206,000 was successfully secured by the government prompting the Manila Times to declare it the “biggest real estate deal in Manila since the American occupation”. The square-shaped estate intended to serve as the educational center of Manila lay inside the perimeter formed by Padre Faura Street, Calle Isaac Peral (renamed United Nations Avenue), Calle San Antonio (renamed Florida, later Maria Y. Orosa Street), and the as-yet-unnamed main road that was to be Taft Avenue. However, the UP School of Fine Arts and the Conservatory of Music, established in 1909 and 1916, respectively, were located in separate sites, situated in two different houses along Calle San Sebastian (later F. R. Hidalgo Street) in Quiapo. The University Hall (renamed in honor of Rafael Palma) completed in 1913 was the first building erected on Padre Faura site and is now occupied by the Department of Justice.
University of the Philippines System
A move to reorganize the University of the Philippines into a University of the Philippines System (UP System) was put forward following a proposal to establish a separate and independent agricultural University at Los Baños. In a detailed memorandum issued by President Salvador Lopez on 25 October 1972, he presented his recommendation for UP to become a system, granting UP at Los Baños autonomy but remaining under the authority of the UP Board of Regents (BOR) and the President of the University. The proposal is in keeping with the recommendations of the Presidential Commission to Survey Philippine Education.
In the proposed UP System, as inspired by the University of California System, the BOR and the President of the System would only deal with matters of fundamental policy. The autonomous University would have its own Chancellor and its own staff responsible for the day-to-day operations of the unit which would enhance their effectiveness and responsiveness.
On 20 November 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 58, which authorized the establishment of a UP System, including an autonomous University of the Philippines at Los Baños.
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History of UP Manila
The campus in Metro Manila stands as the historic birthplace of the University. It is bounded by Taft Avenue to the east, Padre Faura Street to the north, Pedro Gil Street to the south, and M. Adriatico Street to the west, covering an expanse of 14 hectares across two city blocks in the Ermita district. Today, this site houses the University of the Philippines Manila (UP Manila), a recognized premier institution in the health sciences.
Philippine Medical School and Philippine General Hospital
UP Manila’s history can be traced back to the two precursor units founded prior to the establishment of the University: the Philippine Medical School and the Philippine General Hospital. The units were later integrated into the University.
The Philippine Medical School was founded by Act No. 1415 on 1 December 1905, in response to the urgent need for more physicians as raised by the local medical community. Initially established by the Philippine Commission as the first department of the future University of the Philippines, it was opened for the instruction of students on 10 June 1907. On 8 December 1910, the Philippine Medical School became the College of Medicine and Surgery. Its name was later changed to College of Medicine on 1 March 1923.
In 1908 the Philippine Commission appropriated the sum of Php 780,000 for the construction of a modern hospital, primarily to provide medical and surgical services to non-infective conditions, especially among indigent Filipinos. On 1 September 1910, the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) was completed and opened to the public. Under Executive Order No. 94 in 1947, Philippine President Manuel Roxas transferred PGH to the University of the Philippines, officially designating it as UP’s teaching hospital.
The War Years
When WWII broke out in 1941, the University ceased operations, save for some units like the College of Medicine and the PGH due to the nature of their activities and the essential services they provided. In August 1942, Instruction No. 72 was issued for the reopening of some colleges of the University including the Colleges of Medicine and Agriculture.
The war devastated the campus in Manila; buildings were severely damaged, and almost all the equipment, records, and library collections were destroyed. When the time came for the University to reopen, the first problem that presented itself was the location. Classes resumed six months after the Liberation on 6 August 1945.
Health Sciences Center
Through a sequence of “unassembled workshops” held between November 1976 and April 1977 to address the issue of defining the most viable relationship between the College of Medicine and the Philippine General Hospital, the idea of a Health Sciences Center as an autonomous university emerged as the ideal organizational structure to coordinate the diverse health sciences units.
On 28 October 1977, the BOR approved a resolution establishing the Health Sciences Center as an autonomous member of the UP System. It shall comprise the Colleges of Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Nursing, Institute of Public Health, School of Allied Medical Professions, Philippine General Hospital, Philippine Eye Research Institute, the Comprehensive Community Health Program, Anesthesiology Center Western Pacific, National Teacher Training Center for the Health Professions, the sub-units established therein, the proposed Medical Center, and such other units as may hereafter be created, included therein, or transferred thereto, by the BOR. Since other autonomous units are distinguished by geographical location, the Health Sciences Center was renamed UP Manila in 1983. UP Manila comprises all units belonging to the former Health Sciences Center and the UP College of Arts and Sciences Manila.
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History of UP Los Baños
Acknowledged as one of the premier universities in Asia for its programs in agriculture, forestry, natural resources, veterinary medicine, and other related fields, the University of the Philippine Los Baños (UP Los Baños) initially emerged as the College of Agriculture, one of the pioneering units within the University. The first class was held on 14 June 1909, with 4 teachers of agriculture and 12 students. The classes were held on 73 hectares of land at the foot of Mount Makiling fronting Laguna de Bay, 68 km. south of Manila. Dr. Edwin B. Copeland, founder and first dean of the College, personally chose the site as the best location for teaching and research on tropical agriculture.
In November 1969, UP Los Baños became an official entity when the BOR created the Office of the Vice President for the Los Baños campus, appointing Dean Dioscoro L. Umali concurrently to the position. UP Los Baños gained full and complete autonomy, elevating it to a full-fledged university by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 58 on 20 November 1972. Dr. Abelardo G. Samonte became the first chancellor of UP Los Baños.
With a sprawling land area of 4,244 hectares, UP Los Baños is the largest constituent university of the UP System, and has one of the largest campuses in the Philippines. Several buildings at UP Los Baños were designed by National Artist for Architecture Leandro Locsin.
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History of UP Diliman
University of the Philippines Diliman (UP Diliman) is the flagship campus of the University Philippines System which occupies 493 hectares of prime land in Quezon City. It ranks as the largest among UP campuses in terms of degree-offering academic units, student population, faculty members, and library resources. UP Diliman was established as a constituent university during the 954th meeting of the BOR, over a decade after UP became a University system because UP Diliman has traditionally operated as the seat of the UP System.
Aerial view of UP Diliman circa 1963
The initiative to move UP from Padre Faura to Diliman arose from the vision of Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon to convert the extensive 1,529-hectare estate of rice fields, pastureland, and forests, into the new capital of the country, Quezon City, replacing Manila at the time. He decided that the city’s centerpiece would be the UP Diliman. During the last year of Bocobo’s term in 1938, the plans to relocate UP to a new site were discussed. UP Diliman was once a part of what was then referred to as the “Mariquina Estate.”. The area used to be a real forest, filled with dense thickets of ferns called “diliman” polypodium. It was also a home for wild boars and deer, making it known as a “hunter’s paradise.”
Transfer of UP from Manila to Diliman
The University’s transfer to its new 493-hectare campus in Diliman took place from 16 December 1948, to 11 January 1949 as originally scheduled and classes resumed at the new site on 12 January 1949.
During the quadragesimal anniversary celebration on the morning of 11 February 1949, the symbolic statue “Oblation”, the last piece of movable property in the old campus of Manila was relocated to the new site under the auspices of the University Alumni Association. The transfer was escorted by a long motorcade of alumni and students.
Building Design
In 1939, Architect Juan M. Arellano with the pseudonym “Panday Pira” won the best architectural type or style for the proposed buildings of the UP Diliman. Despite its originality and distinctly Filipino style, his design was rejected by the administration due to its lack of feasibility and economic viability, as well as the impracticality and unsuitability of some of his building designs for their intended purposes which are contrary to Quezon’s directive that the buildings not be a showcase of opulence. Engineer William Parson, the designer of the Manila Hotel, was then commissioned to do the landscape and general building design. He worked with Enrique Liborio Ruiz of the Bureau of Public Works (later Dean of the College of Fine Arts and Architecture) and Regent Fernando E.V. Sison, the UP’s consulting engineer. Although I.V. Mallari contended that Parson’s design was “a hodgepodge of informal and classical motifs”, landscaping promptly commenced. A nursery of decorative plants and trees was conveniently placed on the site. On 27 June 1940, the building designs of Juan F. Nakpil were approved and turned over by the BOR to the College of Engineering and Bureau of Public Works for implementation. Nakpil and the UP engineering staff executed building designs “expressive of the culture, characteristics, and ideals of the Filipino nation,” as stated in the Commonwealth Act of 1939. The buildings had a modified Spanish style but with a functional design characterized by simple lines and upright columns, free of decorations and flourishes. This approach aligned with Quezon’s vision for the buildings to look substantial and useful but not be a display of luxury.
Buildings designed by Juan F. Nakpil are Gonzalez Hall, Women’s Residence (currently Kamia Residence Hall), Benton Hall, and Quezon Hall which he designed with Cesar Concio.
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History of UP Visayas
During UP President Onofre D. Corpuz’s term in 1975, the idea to establish an autonomous university to serve as the country’s leading institution for fisheries and marine science education and research originated from a proposal titled “Education Development Plan for the University of the Philippines in the Visayas”, a six-volume report authored by the interdisciplinary team. President Ferdinand E. Marcos further solidified this vision on 21 September 1977, with the issuance of Presidential Decree 1200, known as the Philippine Five-Year Development Plan (1978-1982) which officially designated Region VI as the site for the University of the Philippines Visayas (UP Visayas).
At its 914th meeting on 31 May 1979, the BOR approved the establishment of UP Visayas as an autonomous member of the UP System. Its primary mandate is to serve as the national center for fisheries and marine sciences education and research with the mission to help promote and accelerate the development of the region and the country as a whole. The municipality of Miag-ao, Province of Iloilo was designated as the main campus of UP Visayas, while U.P. College Iloilo was abolished as a regional unit and converted to the College of Arts and Science. The flagship campus, the College of Fisheries, along with its sub-units were transferred to the UP Visayas. In 1986, regional colleges such as UP Tacloban and UP Cebu College were placed under the supervision of UP Visayas to enhance regional coordination and reduce the administrative load on the Central Administration. Both regional units were subsequently elevated to autonomous status. The BOR approved the request of UP Cebu to be an autonomous unit on 24 September 2010, while UP Tacloban transitioned into an autonomous unit under the Office of the UP President during the 1380th meeting of the BOR on 27 April 2023.
On 29 February 1980, the BOR and President Soriano led the ground-breaking ceremony for the 1,200-hectare site in Miag-ao. On 26 June 1980, President Ferdinand E. Marcos issued Executive Order 628 which operationalized UP Visayas, with Dr. Dionisia A. Rola appointed as its first Chancellor.
The University of the Philippines in the Visayas was renamed the University of the Philippines Visayas by the BOR during its 1223rd meeting on 22 August 2007. The modification was applied to all the Constituent Universities (CUs) to emphasize their autonomy by removing the preposition “in,” which may imply that the CUs are merely a presence in the area.
Main Building
The UP Visayas Main Building, situated at the heart of the Iloilo City campus stands as the oldest among surviving heritage structures. Erected from 1933 to 1935 as the city hall in preparation for Iloilo’s conversion into a chartered city in 1937, it was designed by architect Juan Arellano. It is a massive and splendid structure of neo-classic and revivalist styles, which occupies the 10.8-hectare lot donated by Doña Juliana Melliza. On 21 February 1946, the City Council reiterated to the BOR its request to formally donate the pre-war city hall and its site for the exclusive use of UP Iloilo College. The request was unanimously approved by the City Council through Resolution 461 on 8 April 1947. UP Iloilo College was formally opened with Dr. Tomas Fonacier as its first dean on 1 July 1947.
On 14 December 2009, the Old City Hall (currently the UP Visayas Main Building) was declared as a national historical landmark by the National Historical Institute of the Philippines (NHCP). Likewise, the NHCP allocated a restoration grant of P54M for the rehabilitation and adaptive reuse of the UP Visayas Main Building. Finally, on 16 August 2019, the NHCP turned over the newly restored UP Visayas Main Building to UP Visayas.
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History of UP Open University
The University of the Philippines Open University (UP Open University) is the pioneer institution offering distance education and open learning in the country. Its creation was approved by the BOR on 23 February 1995, as the fifth autonomous member of the UP System. UP Open University evolved from the UP Distance Education Program (UP-DEP) which began in 1967 as a self-study with the UP Los Baños School of the Air.
The UP Open University is mandated to elevate the quality of the country’s educational system by pioneering innovative instructional approaches and technologies. It aims to make quality higher education more accessible. Republic Act 10650, also known as the Open Distance Learning Law, assigns UP Open University the duty of aiding various national agencies, universities, and vocational institutions in enhancing their distance education programs through training, technical support, research, and other academic programs.
The UP Open University includes degree programs offered through its School for Distance Education at the graduate level across various campuses such as UP Diliman, UP Los Banos, UP Manila, and UP Visayas. In 1996, UP Open University expanded its offerings through collaborations with other autonomous universities within the UP System.
Building
On 30 May 1996, the UP Board of Regents allocated 20 hectares of land at the UP Los Baños campus for the UP Open University (UPOU) main headquarters. In 2007, UPOU developed a Physical Development Master Plan (PDMP) to guide its growth over 25 years. The PDMP consisted of a Land Use Plan, Architectural Design, and Landscape Design, emphasizing environmental preservation, historical-modern integration, and stakeholder input. Key features included a grand open space with views of Mt. Makiling and the Rotunda as a central design element. The PDMP also envisioned three major buildings around the Grand Park: the Centennial Center for Digital Learning, a Convention Center, and a three-star hotel. In 2016, at its 1322nd meeting, the BOR secured government funding to implement the plan, including new facilities such as a Community Hub, International Convention Center, Multi-Purpose Hall, Academic Residences, and Teaching and Learning Hub. These developments build on existing structures like the main UPOU building, Instructional Materials Office, Digital Learning Center, and Learner’s Hall, established before 2008.
Catanduanes State College, one of the learning centers of the UP Open University
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History of UP Mindanao
Republic Act No. 7889, also known as the “University of the Philippines in Mindanao Act,” authorizing the BOR “to carry out the establishment of an autonomous campus of the University of the Philippines in Mindanao,” was signed into law by President Fidel V. Ramos on 20 February 1995. At its 1117th meeting on 26 February 1998, the BOR approved the recognition of University of the Philippines Mindanao (UP Mindanao) as a full-fledged autonomous University of the UP System.
UP Mindanao is committed to maintain a strong presence in the region by providing quality higher education that keeps pace with the region’s rapid industrialization and social and economic development. Thus, UP Mindanao focuses its academic programs on science and technology, agriculture, education, and management.
Building
On 28 September 1995, UP Mindanao was officially inaugurated, with plans of locating the campus in a 400-hectare area in Bago Oshiro, Davao City as stipulated in RA 7889. Additionally, UP Mindanao aimed to acquire or lease suitable sites and facilities in Davao City to accommodate academic programs requiring easier accessibility for students, such as graduate management programs, distance learning tutorials, and short-term non-degree courses.
UP Mindanao has three campuses: the School of Management campus in the city proper, the College of Agrisystems and Environment at the Land Grant site in Marilog, and the main campus at Bago Oshiro that houses the College of Arts and Sciences and professional schools like law, engineering, architecture, and medicine.
The temporary administrative office and classrooms for the first post-baccalaureate programs were located in Ladislawa Village, Buhangin, Davao City. In June 1996, the facilities of the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA), Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI), and the incomplete University of Southeastern Philippines (USP) building were used for the opening of classes in undergraduate courses.
A campus master plan prepared by Mr. Dindo Sanchez of UP Los Baños, a PhD student in Landscape Architecture at Tokyo University, was presented in Davao and UP Los Baños before guests.
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History of UP Baguio
Since its establishment in 1961, UP College Baguio (UPCB) has experienced significant growth and development. Initially established as an Arts and Sciences college, it is now the leading institution in the areas of science and mathematics, social sciences, and the humanities in Northern Philippines. The BOR at its 1130th meeting on 15 April 1999, elevated UPCB from a regional unit of UP Diliman to an autonomous unit under the Office of the President of the University.
In early 2000, President Francisco Nemenzo constituted a committee headed by Dr. Henry Ramos to review UPCB’s proposal for transformation into a full constituent university. The committee conducted an academic audit, and the resulting report submitted in late 2000, outlined recommendations for the University of the Philippines Baguio (UP Baguio) as a constituent unit within the UP System, as well as suggestions for enhancing academic programs and resources. Following these recommendations, UPCB revamped many of its academic programs between 2000 and 2002, upgraded its facilities, and established its own University Council.
On 2 December 2002, the UP Baguio was elevated as the seventh constituent university of the UP System. UP Baguio is committed to maintain its leadership in tertiary education in Northern Luzon. It continues to develop innovative programs in the arts and sciences while furthering its expertise in Cordillera Studies, a niche it has honed over the decades. Despite its evolution, it retains its historical and geographic identity as UP Baguio.
Building/Location
In 1999, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) approved Taloy Sur, Tuba, Benguet as the site for the new UPCB campus, covering 167 hectares of timberland. The UPCB College Executive Board envisions the campus as an “ecological sanctuary” that respects local culture by incorporating indigenous design elements.
The campus features three academic clusters: Humanities, Social Sciences, and Natural Sciences and Mathematics along with administrative buildings, a university library, gallery, museum, performing arts center, and residence halls.
Currently, UP Baguio is located in the heart of Baguio City, offering views of Burnham Park and City Hall, and is close to key landmarks like the Pines Hotel and the Cottage of the Justices of the Supreme Court.
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History of UP Cebu
The University of the Philippines Visayas Cebu College (UPVCC) established on 3 May 1918, was initially named Junior College of Liberal Arts. It underwent several changes in name and stature: it became a separate unit of the UP Visayas in 1986, and was given its official name UP Visayas Cebu College in 2007. UPVCC was initially located in the Ermita District of Cebu. In March 1929, it transferred to its current site in Lahug.
On 24 September 2010, UPVCC was elevated to an autonomous unit under the Office of the President by the BOR and was officially called UP Cebu. Finally, on 27 October 2016, UP Cebu was elevated as the eighth constituent university of the UP System.
Building
Initially situated at Warwick Barracks, near Ermita District, the college held its early classes in the vicinity of what is now Carbon Market. As its influence grew, the college was granted a spacious 13-hectare site in Lahug, along with yearly funds from the Cebu Provincial Board. Plans for the new Lahug campus were finalized under the guidance of Prof. Teofilo Reyes from the UP College of Engineering. By 1929, a two-story building was completed and inaugurated during the term of UP President Rafael Palma. This marked a significant milestone in the College’s journey towards expansion and development. The College’s development continued in 1936 when it became a permanent branch of UP through Act No. 4244.
The College closed on 3 December 1941, during the war. Its main building was used by the Japanese as a prison camp. In 1945, UP got the campus back, and classes resumed. Damaged buildings were repaired using War Damage Commission funds. In 1950, the College closed again after students angered a Cebuano Senate President by criticizing local politicians in The Junior Collegian. Alumni pushed for its return, and it reopened in 1963. In the years that followed, UP Cebu faced many changes. It became part of UP Visayas in 1986 and was reorganized in 1990 into five academic areas.
In 2010, it became an autonomous unit, and in 2011, a new campus opened at the South Road Properties for graduate programs. On 27 October 2016, UP Cebu became the 8th UP constituent university, with Atty. Liza D. Corro as its first Chancellor. Today, it is known for its strong programs through the College of Communication, Art, and Design (CCAD), College of Science (CS), College of Social Sciences (CSS), and School of Management (SOM).
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History of UP Tacloban
On 21 February 1968, the Leyte Provincial Board through Resolution No. 85 requested the BOR to establish a UP branch in Tacloban. The request was reiterated on 18 February 1972 in a letter from Governor Benjamin Romualdez to UP President Salvador Lopez. The UP Alumni Association Leyte Chapter issued a resolution endorsing the request on 13 May 1973, followed by the Leyte Provincial Board’s Resolution No. 275 on 14 May 1973. The Tacloban Municipal Board also endorsed the request on 17 May 1973 through Resolution No. 72.
At its 833rd meeting on 23 May 1973, the BOR authorized President Lopez to establish UP in Tacloban as an answer to the urgent need for quality education in Region VIII. On 2 July 1973, the University of the Philippines at Tacloban was inaugurated.
On 23 March 1983, UP Executive Order No. 4 placed UP College Tacloban under the administrative supervision of UP in the Visayas. The groundbreaking ceremony at Sta. Elena, Tacloban took place in 1984 led by UP President Edgardo J. Angara.
In 1986, UP College Tacloban, along with UP College Cebu, became part of UP Visayas. Groundbreaking at Sta. Elena occurred again on 27 June 2017, under UP President Alfredo E. Pascual. Finally, during its 1,380th BOR meeting on 27 April 2023, UP Tacloban was declared an autonomous unit of the UP System. Today, it offers undergraduate programs in Literature, Media Arts, Political Science, Psychology, Economics, Applied Mathematics, Biology, Computer Science, Accountancy, and Management, as well as graduate programs such as the Master of Management and Master of Science in Environmental Science.
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References
Click to expand the full list of references
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(1951). Thirty-seventh annual report of the President of the University of the Philippines to the
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[Photographs of UP Los Baños]. Frank C. Gates Papers. University of Michigan Bentley Historical Library.
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